To Fast or Not to Fast? Essay -- Weight Loss Dieting Diet Papers

To Fast or Not to Fast? Introduction "Rapid weight loss", "quick and easy weight loss", "preventative", "therapeutic" and "low cost"; with these guarantees, who would not want to attempt a seemingly unchallenging fasting diet!? According to a report on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) web site, as of 1995, tens of millions of Americans are dieting at any given time, in the process spending more than $33 billion annually on weight-reduction products. Are you playing the weight loss game? Here I will identify weight-loss programs advertised on the internet, discuss their claims to success, highlight specific fallacious claims, and report on findings of both the FDA and various medical studies. What’s on the Web? A collection of "easy" fasting or very low-calorie weight loss plans advertised on the world wide web includes the following: California Dreaming, The Wellness Center of Alaska’s "weight loss on-the-web", Medifast, Optifast, 4 Season Weight Control Center’s "medically supervised weight loss program", Liquid Fasting Diet, All-natural Aspen Spa diet program, and various methods compiled by Fasting Center International. As an example of programs guaranteeing a quick fix to weight problems, I will focus on both the Medifast and Fasting Center International (FCI) methods and claims concerning weight loss. Medifast According to the Shape Up America web site, a supporter of the Medifast product, it is a "physician-supervised very low-calorie diet program of fortified meal replacements providing 450-500 calories per day". (http://www.shapeup.org/sua/publications/hwhl/partax9c.html) The purpose of Medifast is to promote quick and healthy weight loss to its customers by creating a great defic... ... Dulloo, A. G. Human pattern of food intake and fuel-partitioning during weight recovery after starvation: a theory of autoregulation of body composition. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 56: 25-40, 1997. Macdonald, I. A. and J. Webber. Feeding, fasting and starvation: factors affecting fuel utilization. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 54: 267-274, 1995. Masoro, Edward J. McCay’s hypothesis: undernutrition and longevity. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 54: 657-664, 1995. Schwartz, Michael W. and Randy J. Seeley. Neuroendocrine responses to starvation and weight loss. The New England Journal of Medicine. 336(25): 1802-1811, 1997. Schwartz, Michael W., Dallman, Mary F., and Stephen C. Woods. Hypothalamic response to starvation: implications for the study of wasting disorders. American Journal of Physiology. 269: R949-57, 1995.

Culture Change in Korean Women Essay

Sweeping cultural change rarely comes rapidly. Even in places where the constitution of the nation would guarantee equality of citizens, achieving true equality can be an agonizingly slow process. In the United States, for example, a fledgling women’s suffrage movement was present as early as the middle 1700s. The right to vote, however, would not be realized until 1920, over a hundred and fifty years later. Korea is a divided nation even more steeped in cultural tradition. Although there are some subtle differences, depending on region and class, Koreans still live in a regimented, patriarchal society. Globalization can result in a more equal society. The world is more economically interrelated than ever. The power of tradition is strong, however. Economic change has moved much more rapidly than social change within Korea. Generally speaking, cultural change within large, modern cities is occurring at a modest pace. In most rural areas, there has been little, if any, change in recent centuries. Surprisingly, emigration to the United States has not rapidly increased social change among the Korean community, evidencing the strength of cultural ties. Social change in Korea will continue to make uneven progress in the future because access to education varies widely among regions and classes. In the late 20th century there has been a dramatic shift in the center of women’s rights activity. Areas of the country that have greater interrelation have made greater strides toward the full liberation of women. Early in the 20th century, northern Korean cities saw the first cautious steps toward the empowerment of women. The communist regime has stalled cultural progress, not only for women but for everyone. Today, the center of cultural change is located in the South. Regardless of the location, the nature of the Korean character indicates that cultural change, especially for women, will always move slower than economic change. The Patriarchal Society The centuries –old influence of Confucianism in Korea has resulted in a class-conscious, patriarchal society. The influence of Japanese invaders in the mid-20th century only served to reinforce that reality. The Confucianism practiced in Korea mandated strict roles for men and women. Women were relegated to house work and discouraged from seeking any marketable education. Besides the influence of tradition, critics of increased liberty and opportunity have used a similar tactic to those who resisted this process in other countries. They claim that liberation from traditional roles for women will destroy the family structure. Similar arguments were made in relation to women’s suffrage in the United States. It is an argument that carries weight, particularly in a nation with such a deep paternalistic. background as Korea. Even in modern South Korea, the influence is still apparent. † Women still believe that they should be good housewives and mothers. There is some change but it is very, very slow† (Palley, 1990). Geographical and Class Differences The most obvious regional differences in culture come between the economically advanced state of South Korea and the economically stagnant, communist North Korea. The advanced industrial cities in the south, such as Seoul, have seen a liberalization of society, even if it lags behind the pace of economic change. The industrialization and modernization of South Korea has also resulted in the rise of a women’s movement, particularly in the larger cities. Early in the 20th century, the education of women was much more prevalent in the northern area of Korea, particularly Pyongyang. There were two factors present there which correlated closely with the education of women. The elite classes were concentrated in northern areas at that time, and; there was also a strong presence of western missionaries there. Education for women was typically restricted to the upper classes. Consequently, professions in which women could participate were severely limited. In the 1930s, only three out of 100,000 college-age Korean women took part in higher education Being born into a higher class, however, did not necessarily increase freedom. While women from the elite class have always been more likely to receive education, that education did not necessarily flow into a career. In fact, as Jihang Park reports, â€Å"†¦the higher the woman’s status, the more severe her seclusion† (1990). Jihang Park writes that, â€Å"In Korea, education was the primary focus of the women’s movement and remained so until 1945 (1990). A college for women has been in operation since the early 20th century, but the subjects available for study were limited in the early decades to preparing women for homemaking. The first generation of college educated women in Korea were not effective advocates for increased cultural change. Because they were primarily from the elite classes, they were not especially career-driven. For many, education was mainly a means for attracting a better husband. Even where some progress toward equality is being made, the process is slow and incomplete. â€Å"Opportunities for professional mobility are very limited, and on average in 1988 women earned approximately 45% that of men† (Palley, 1990). A number of women’s rights organizations have emerged in the south, but their effect on issues such as these have been minimal. Korean Immigrants A superficial cultural analysis of United States immigrants might conclude that exposure to economic and social liberty would substantially change the culture of immigrants and their descendants. Korean immigrants are somewhat unique, however, Whereas other immigrant groups are highly diverse in language and cultural practices, Korean immigrants tend to form a more homogenous group. Within that group, exposure to the outside culture remains somewhat limited and the cultural traditions brought from Korea remain strong. Many Koreans work in businesses tailored mainly to serve their own community. Many Korean immigrants, male and female, â€Å"have little opportunity to learn American customs, including a more egalitarian gender role orientation† (Pyong Gap Min, 2001). Economic realities have dictated some changes. An increasing number of Korean women are finding it necessary to work outside the home. Many wives work along side their husbands. The participation of married Korean women in the American labor force has increased from about 17% in 1980 to 25% in 1990 (Min, 2001). As it did with American women in the mid 20th century, working outside the home is empowering women to take a more active role in determining their own lives. Korean men grudgingly accept that women are entering the workforce, but still feel driven to maintain traditions at home. The result is a many marriages of Korean-Americans are experiencing strain. At the same time, cultural tradition stresses the importance of marriage. During the first half of the 20th century, more than 99% of Korean women were married by the age of forty-five (Jihang Park, 1990). Analysis and Conclusion There are some forces within Korea which are advocating social changes on behalf of women. Eventually, a more equal Korea will emerge. The question is whether it will take tens of years or hundreds of years. Those forces within Korea must battle against hundreds of years of deeply ingrained cultural tradition. Societal change at a significant level is often initiated by the middle class. The gradually growing workforce of Korean women will need to develop effective leaders in future years to move the process toward equality forward (Palley, 1990). In the past, the most influential forces for women’s rights have been external. Missionaries, in particular have been relatively effective in advocating education and basic human rights for women. It will take a larger force, though, to foster fundamental and lasting change for the lives of women in Korea. Fundamental social change is often economically-driven. Globalization is a seemingly irresistible economic force in the 21st century. Its focus on technology, education and interrelation with the world will force countries to either recognize the economic potential of women or risk being left behind. The pace of cultural change varies, and will continue to vary, depending on a number of factors. Some types of change are more easily accepted than others. For example, Korean-American men have accepted the necessity of their wives working but many do not accept that this can mean an alteration of marriage roles. Korean women in North Korea, South Korea and America are working in greater numbers than ever before. In a few cases, this has given them greater access to education and the political system. In most cases, however, it has not. Sources Min, Pyong Gap. (2001). â€Å"Changes in Korean Immigrants’ Gender Role and Social Status, and Their Marital Conflicts. † Sociological Forum. Vol. 16, No. 2 (Jun. ), pp. 301-320. Min, Pyong Gap. (2003). â€Å"Korean â€Å"Comfort Women†: The Intersection of Colonial Power, Gender and Class. † Gender and Society. Vol. 17, No. 6 (Dec. ), pp. 938-957. Palley, Marian Lief. (1990). â€Å"Women’s Status in South Korea: Tradition and Change. † Asian Survey. Vol. 30, No. 12 (Dec. ), pp. 1136-1153. Park, Jihang. (1990). â€Å"Trailblazers in a Traditional World: Korea’s First Women College Graduates, 1910-45. † Social Science History. Vol. 14, No. 4 (Winter), pp. 533-558.

L.L. Bean, Inc. Case Study Essay

1. How does L.L. Bean use past demand data and a specific item forecast to decide how many units of that item to stock? L.L. Bean uses different type of calculation to determine the number of units of a particular item it should stock (new item or never out item). First we detect a frozen demand forecast for the item in the upcoming season. This figure is a result of an agreement between product people, merchandising, design and inventory specialists. Then, we analyze the historical forecast errors (named A/F ratios) and the frequency distribution of these errors for each individual item by using the historical demand and forecast data. Once the historical forecast errors is determined, we define future forecast errors by using frequency distribution of past forecast errors as probability distribution. Finally we find the service level based on a profit margin calculation: determine by balancing contribution margin if demanded against its liquidation cost if not demanded. We can notice that for new items it is more complicated to have good prevision because we know very little about them. 2. What item costs and revenues are relevant to the decision of how many units of that item to stock? Principally, L.L. Bean will need 3 types of data to decide how many units of an item to stock. First, they need to know the buying cost of the item. Then, they need the selling price of the item. With these 2 figures, they can calculate the profit margin and the costs of understocking. The 3rd figure they need is the liquidation cost of an item. With the liquidation cost, they can calculate the costs of overstocking. With all these data, we can decide the final amount of items to stock by comparing the understocking costs and overstocking costs. 3. What information should Scott Sklar have available to help him arrive at a demand forecast for a particular style of men’s shirt that is a new catalog item? Scott Sklar should have data about actual and forecasted demand of new item that were previously introduced. With these data, he can know the different costs of launching a new item. Then, he should have an idea of the selling price given by marketing, sales and production department. With that, he has to know cost of sales, commissions provided for sales, stock outs and backorders cost. He can also compare this new item to the competitor and get sales information. It will help him to understand the  existing market trends for that new item. Following that he should know the level of buffer stock he should have to avoid stock outs by matching stock out costs and over-stocking costs. Finally he should precise the service level by calculating the profit margin and observe if new products are pulling customers away from existing products. All of this will help him to forecast the demand for a new catalogue item. 4. What should L.L. Bean do to improve its forecasting process? L.L. Bean has 5 important things if the company wants to improve its forecasting process: They have to have more than they have market researches to their products they will sell. Actually, they will be understand clearly all news tendencies so they can adapt their stock to the others They don’t have to understand their real demand, because the goal of the real demand is to increase the profitability In the business world, a company has to understand and find a solution ton maintain the accurate and also a timely data that supports the business decisions The company has to have a forecasting discipline. This one will include a commitment to guide the forecasting process in the firm. Moreover, forecasting is strength and an element of strategic decision-making. Right people have to be involved. In fact, the forecasting management involves that people need to have an easy access to input their intelligence for the forecast, for those who have market information. This intelligenc e has to be used because this will provide information on future demand spikes and troughs.

The Key Features that Make Your Essay Analytical

The Key Features that Make Your Essay Analytical The Key Features that Make Your Essay Analytical Analytical essays require an intensive comprehension writing on a given subject, topic or subtopic. Such kind of academic paper usually starts with understanding the topic under discussion broadly and paying a lot of attention to the key aspects of it. Analytical essay writing involves thorough consideration of information on the content matter of the topic which is being discussed. The subject matter may be expressed by a question, phrase, proverb or an idiom. Also, a good analysis of the topic under study is attained by understanding what the audience wants from the study and which conclusions must be drawn. Instructions on writing vary depending on the nature of the assignment, but the aim remains the same: to research and analyze the given scope of information and bring about consistent conclusion. Some analytical topics require intensive reading while others require carrying out a project and doing a research. Therefore, the content matter differs per the topic studied. The effectiveness of analytical essays depends on the topic, subtopic or a phrase and other inclusive aspects of the assignment. This academic paper should have central analytical statements or research questions which the whole essay broadly revolves around. Moreover, analytical essays should have a personal opinion on the target group of the audience. They must end with references and examples on the information presented from other sources because work cited helps to judge and compare the information and find out how relevant it is with the content matter of the topic studied. These examples can also be used as a guide in conveying the subject in a better way. During presentation of an analytical essay, it’s crucial to evaluate the type and nature of the audience to address. To deliver the information under a certain topic in an efficient and effective manner, factors to consider are: language to use, writing style, conditions used and the target audience preferences. A well-presented analytical essay should display the basic formal rules that are followed during presentation because this way it shows the level of the skill-set the writer possess. It surely enables the reader and the audience to have a general overview of the ideas and in depth content of the subject matter of the topic under discussion. The main factor that alters the effective performance of an analytical essay is narrating when organizing your writing. You should definitely consider making a difference between describing details, analysis delivery and reference materials not to be taken unawares. In conclusion always follow your work to ensure that you are not out of the topic and give only already analyzed useful information. Do you need analytical essay writing help from experts? You have just found the best place to get it online. Contact our writing service now!

LAW Surname Meaning and Origin

LAW Surname Meaning and Origin The Law surname has several possible meanings: A diminutive of the given name Laurence, from the Roman cognomen Laurentius, meaning of Laurentum, a city in ancient Italy.A surname for someone who lived near a hill,  derived from the Old English hlaw or hyll,  meaning small hill or burial mound; which became low in the south, but law in the north. Alternate Surname Spellings:  LAWE, LAWS, LAWES Surname Origin: English Where in the World Do People With the LAW  Surname Live? According to surname distribution data from Forebears, the Law surname is most prevalent in China and most dense in Hong Kong, likely a derivation of the common surname Lu,  Loh, or Luo. Within England, the Low last name is most common in Northamptonshire, where it ranks as the 72nd most common last name. It is also fairly prevalent in Essex (196th), Cambridgeshire (231st), Yorkshire (243rd) and Lancashire (249th). WorldNames PublicProfiler  indicates that within the United Kingdom, Law is most commonly found in Scotland, especially the Scottish Borders, Midlothian, South Lanarkshire, Fife and Angus. It is also fairly common throughout eastern England. Famous People Bonar Law - Prime Minister of Great Britain, 1922–23Jude Law  - British actorEvander M. Law  - Confederate  general in the American Civil WarWilliam Law  - important figure in the early history Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Genealogy Resources Law DNA ProjectThis DNA project is open to all individuals with the Law surname and variations (including  Carlaw, Castellaw, Crinklaw, De Lauriston, Drentlaw, Emlaw, Fallaw, Lauriston, Lawand, Laware, Lawes. Lawhorne, Lawhead, Lawhon, Lawill, Lawin, Lawing, Lawley, Lawlis, Lawman, Lawnicki, Lawshe, Lawter, Lawver, MacLaw, MacLaws, McLaw, McLaws, Nicklaw, Saslaw, Shullaw, Whitelaw, Wordlaw)  interested in working collaboratively to combine genealogy research with DNA testing to sort out Law  family lines. How to Research English  AncestryLearn how to research your English family tree with this guide to genealogical records in England and Wales. Includes information on both online and offline records including birth, marriage, death, census, military and estate records. Law Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Law  family crest or coat of arms for the Law surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   LAW  Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Law surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Law genealogy query. FamilySearch - LAW  GenealogyExplore over 1.4  million  historical records which mention individuals with the Law surname, as well as online Law family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Law  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Law  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. DistantCousin.com - LAW  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Law. The Law  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Law  from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Unit 5 Individual project 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 5 Individual project 2 - Essay Example Quality can be defined in relation to both technical excellence and humane approach. â€Å"By technical quality care we mean that the patient receives only the procedure tests, or services for which the desired health outcomes exceed the health risks by a sufficiently wide margin; and that each of these procedures or services is performed in a technically excellent manner. The second component of quality care is that all patients wish to be treated in a humane and culturally appropriate manner and be invited to participate fully in deciding about their therapy.† (Robert H.Brook et al). In short quality in health care is fundamentally based on the two above-mentioned factors. â€Å"Getting quality health care can help you stay healthy and recover faster when you become sick. However, we know that often people do not get high quality care. A 2004 study of 12 large US communities found that just over half (54.9%) of people were receiving the care they needed.† (AHRQ Homepage: ). Everywhere, people looking for health care confront the problem that there is no uniform standard to measure quality. Thus it has become imperative to measure quality of care offered by healthcare service providers. Therefore, with a view to help patients choose the right treatment most suited to their personal needs, more and more public and private groups are developing and using quality measures based on the principles of right health plan, the right doctor, the right treatment, the right hospital, the best long term facility. Thus it can be seen that quality measures make available the necessary information which patients can assimilate to help them take a right decision about their treatment. In order to ascertain quality there are certain available parameters such as process measure, outcome measures and structural measures. In order to determine which one of these is the best, a deeper and wider study is called for. Each satisfies certain requirements

Zara case company analysis report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Zara case company analysis report - Essay Example It further looks at the PR of the company and the major crises that have been facing the company over the years. A comprehensive analysis of the company’s strategy is done to establish the root of the company’s success. Lastly, the paper gives suggestions on how the company can improve its operations in the global scene.Zara is the leading brand of Spanish Fashion Group Inditex and a well- established Fashion Company in the global scene (Zara, 2012). The company was established in 1975 in La Coruna and since then, its growth has been sterling. It had opened branches in major fashion cities including Paris and New York by the year 1990. It was because of their tremendous reputation that Zara Home was opened in the year 2003. In 2007, Zara established their first online shop that specialises in the sale of home products (Inditex, 2012). At the moment, the company operates 1830 stores in different parts of the world. According to recent financial statements, it contributes to more than 64% of Inditex’s revenue (Inditex, 2011). The company distinguishes itself as fast fashion trademark and offers high fashion clothing to reach the public at affordable prices. Zara’s success has been impressive over the years and this paper analyses its external environment, value chain, leadership, strategies and challenges facing the brand name. External Environment Analysis The fashion industry is ever changing due to contribution of companies like Topshop, HandM and Zara (London Business School, 2008). Consequently, factors affecting the clothing industry will influence trends in the high fashion world. In the clothing industry, customers’ preferences vary according to their ages and body types (Keane and te Velde, 2008). Furthermore, the demand for clothing is affected by population size and patterns. For example, an increase in the proportion of pregnant women and birth rate will increase demand for maternity and baby clothes (Suttle, 2011:45 ). It is important to note that demographic trends are the driving force in the fashion industry. The PESTLE analysis will be used to study the macro- environment and the Porter five forces model to evaluate the micro- environment. PESTEL analysis The fashion industry is characterised by high levels of competition among the top fashion brand names and frequent changes in the customers’ tastes and preferences. PESTEL analysis is used to identify factors that affect the demand of goods produced with regards to the external environment. Political Aspects In terms of the political framework in the clothing industry, workers’ rights and employment regulations are mandatory in the creation of a legal environment in the manufacturing